In 2006, Gurdon's work was developed by Yamanaka to show that a sample of a person's skin can be used to create stem cells.

2006年，山中伸弥对古尔登的研究成果进行了进一步研究，以证明一个人的皮肤样本可以用来制造干细胞。

A group of researchers at Kyoto University, led by Shinya Yamanaka, did this with mice last year.

去年，东京大学的Shinya Yamanaka领导的研究团队在老鼠身上完成了这个实验并取得成功。

"We have to test the safety of the alternative stem cells first, including the risk of cancer," said Yamanaka.

“我们一开始就必须检测替代干细胞的安全性，这包括它的致癌风险。”福田说。

A year later, two groups-one led by Yamanaka, the other by James thomson-independently created iPSCs from human skin cells.

两年后，两个团队分别独立创造出人体的诱导性万能干细胞(iPSCs)，一个是山中的团队，另一个是由詹姆斯·汤姆森带领的团队。

Second, at least one of the genes Yamanaka used was known to trigger cancer, and indeed it soon became clear that mice grown from iPSCs frequently developed tumors.

第二，山中所使用的基因中，至少有一种被认为会诱发癌症，事实也很快证明，由诱导性万能干细胞发育而成的小鼠有极大概率罹患肿瘤。