done without conscious control
无意识的,不由自主的,本能的
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she gave an involuntary shudder .她不由自主打了一颤。
(especially of muscles or nerves)concerned in bodily processes that are not under the control of the will
(尤指肌肉或神经)不自觉的,无意识的,不受意志控制的。
done against someone's will; compulsory
非自愿的;非本意的;不随意的,被强制的;义务的
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a policy of involuntary repatriation .强制遣送回国政策。
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involuntaryadj.无意识的;不由自主的;本能的;非自愿的;非本意的;不随意的;被强制的;义务的;不自觉的;不受意志控制的
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voluntaryadj.自愿的;志愿的;义务的;无偿的;随意的