Consent includes express consent and implied consent.

同意包括明示的同意及默示的同意。

Mothers were informed of the study's goals before giving their express consent.

事先也告知母亲们此项研究的目的，并取得她们的同意。

Where there is no express consent, consent can be inferred from relevant conduct, or from the business or other relationship the sender has with the recipient.

如果没有明示同意，收件人同意之意思表示可以通过其相关行为或发件、收件人之间的关系中推测出来。

Express consent requires an actual communication by the recipient by written, electronic or verbal means to positively indicate that the recipient wishes to receive the messages.

明示性同意，顾名思义，需要收件人实际确认，确认方式可以是书面，也可以电子或口头方式。

Prior to the performance of such intervention, the patient must express his consent with its performance.

在实行这种干预之前，患者必须对这个手术表示同意。