The critical factor with in-kind response is that it be demand-driven, rather than supply-driven.

实物响应的关键因素是，它应该是由需求驱动而不是供应驱动的。

Challenges: There are special constraints associated with in-kind giving that are important to honour.

挑战：关于实物捐赠，有一些特别的限制需要遵守，这很重要。

The U.S. private sector has provided more than $102 million in cash and in-kind contributions to Chinese response efforts.

美国人民的私人捐赠超过一亿零两百万美元。