One is that there is no clear way of deciding where the branches at the bottom should end, that is, which dialects should be considered separate languages or vice versa.

一个是没有清晰定义系谱树的枝干末端在哪里，也就是说，哪种方言应该被认为是不同语言或只是方言。

《TED-Ed》《TED教育》

Often the difference between languages and dialects is a matter of changing political and national considerations, rather than any linguistic features.

通常语言和方言的不同之处在于多变的政治和国家格局，而不是语言学特征。

《TED-Ed》《TED教育》

Chinese is classified as a single language, but its dialects vary to the point of being mutually unintelligible, while speakers of Spanish and Portuguese can often understand each other.

汉语被归类为一门语言，但它的不同方言之间差别大到完全听不懂，然而讲西班牙语和葡萄牙语的人们通常可以听懂对方。

《TED-Ed》《TED教育》

Centuries of living in different conditions, eating different food and encountering different neighbors turned similar dialects with varied pronunciation and vocabulary into radically different languages, continuing to divide as populations grew and spread out further.

几个世纪的不同生活条件，不同食物，不同邻居，使原本相似而只是发音和词汇有所不同的方言变成了完全不同的语言，并随着人口的增长和迁移不断分化。

《TED-Ed》《TED教育》

And then, I realized I'll always be their friend, their friend who can speak in many dialects and has training in stage combat and is willing to do partial nudity.

然后我了解到，我永远都会是他们的朋友，能说许多台词，接受过舞台打斗训练，愿意拍部份裸露的戏的朋友。

《Friends Season 8》《老友记 第八季》