Chartism failed because of its weak and divided leadership, and its lack of coordination with trade - unionism.

由于领导层的软弱和分歧， 由于缺少与工会的协调，宪章运动失败了。

The same could be said of some other grand political ideas (militant trade unionism, for example): over-ambitious, impractical and naive, they ultimately backfire.

同样，一些主要政治观念（比如激进工联主义[1]）：野心勃勃、不切实际、天真稚嫩，最终都适得其反，事与愿违。

As for inequality lower down the scale, a study of the literature by Robert Gordon and Ian Dew-Becker cites the decline in trade unionism as a big factor, at least for men.

至于说到收入等级较低处的不平等，一份对Robert Gordon和Ian Dew-Becker著作的研究引证说，工会主义的衰落是一个很大的因素，至少对于男性是这样。

A few eccentrics try to avoid getting involved with hierarchies, but everyone in business, industry, trade-unionism, politics, government, the religion and education is involved.

一些人试图躲开等级制度的影响，但是对于每个人，无论是在商界、工业界、贸易工会、政界、政府、军队、或者是教育界，都适用。

Although the movement of teachers' professionalization has changed from trade-unionism to professionism, the teacher professional development hasn't evidently raised the teachers' professional status.

教师专业化运动已经从工会主义转向了专业主义范式下的教师专业发展，但教师专业发展也并没有使教师的专业地位有明显的提高。

More than 70% now call themselves "middle" – because that's the way politics has led and because, post trade unionism, people no longer know where they stand on the earnings scale.

超过70％的人自称“中产阶级”——由于政治导向和新工会制度，人们不再清楚他们的工资处于什么水平。

Instead, it updates classic trade unionism with the modern impulses of social entrepreneurship, supporting itself largely with fees for services.

相反的，它用现代企业家的冲劲和身份改进了传统的贸易工会面貌，也为它的服务工作获得大量的报酬。

The collapse of trade unionism and decline in relative minimum wages reinforce the asymmetric power of business and labour in the marketplace.

工会的崩溃，以及相对最低工资的下降加强了企业和劳动力在市场中的力量不对称。

The third part discusses the reality of China's trade union, summarizes the major problems of trade unionism and analysis the main reasons.

第三部分主要论述了我国工会的现实状况，这部分主要是归纳总结我国工会主要存在的问题以及分析其中的形成原因。

Trade Unionism since 1945: Towards a Global Histrory, Volume 2: The Americas, Asia and Australia ( Trade Unions Past, Present and Future ) , 2

1945年以来的工会：走向全球历史，第2卷：美洲，亚洲和澳大利亚。

In this sense, the right of association is the prerequisite and basis for trade unionism, and trade unionism is the application of the right of association in real society.

从这个意义上讲，结社权是工会制度的前提和基础，而工会制度则是结社权在社会生活中的具体体现和应用。

High Tide of British Trade Unionism?

英国工联主义高潮？