Using a unique set of repeated cross-sectional data this paper examines the causes of this increase in earnings inequality.

本文使用一个独特的由多年很截面数据组成的数据库对收入不平等在这期间的增长进行分析。

With the caveat that the substantive findings of this study are based on cross-sectional data, we discuss the implications of our work and future research directions.

通过强调这个研究得出的真实结论是以代表性数据为基础，本文还讨论了我们工作的意义以及未来的研究方向。

Longitudinal data is referred to data in which individuals are measured repeatedly through time, so it combines elements of cross-sectional data and time-series data.

纵向数据是指对每个个体在不同时间进行观测而得到的由截面和时间序列融合在一起的数据。

We used cross-sectional data from random urban population samples of 7559 men and 7471 women aged 45-69 years, and not taking antihypertensive medication, from Russia, Poland and Czech Republic.

从俄罗斯、波兰和捷克共和国公民的横断面数据中随机抽取年龄在45-69岁的7559名男性及7471女性，入选者皆不使用抗高血压药物。

According to the empirical data, standard cross-sectional survey statistics underestimated true infant and under-5 mortality by 6.7% and 9.8%, respectively.

据经验数据显示，标准的横断面调查统计数据对婴儿以及五岁以下儿童的死亡率分别低估了6.7%和9.8%。