the capital of Scotland, lying on the southern shore of the Firth of Forth; pop. 449,100 (est. 2009). The city grew up round the 11th-century castle built by Malcolm III on a rocky ridge which dominates the landscape.
爱丁堡(苏格兰首府,位于福斯湾南岸,2009年估计人口449,100;该城以一座马尔科姆三世建造的11世纪城堡为中心发展起来,此城堡位于一个俯瞰全市的岩石山脊之上)。