词典释义：
cause (a person or their thoughts, attitudes, and expectations) to become less simple or straightforward through education or experience
（通过教育或经验）使（人，思想，态度，期望）不再单纯（或直率），使老于世故
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readers who have been sophisticated by modern literary practice .受现代文学影响变得复杂起来的读者。
develop (something such as a piece of equipment or a technique) into a more complex form
使（设备、技术等）更复杂先进
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a function that many other software applications have sophisticated. 通过许多其他软件应用完善了的功能。
[no obj.]
〈古〉 （老练地）讲话（或推理）。
〈古〉 通过诡辩误导（或曲解）（人、论点、思想等）
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books of casuistry, which sophisticate the understanding and defile the heart. 误导人们的理解、污染人们心灵的有关诡辩的书籍。
〈古〉 老于世故的。
a person with much worldly experience and knowledge of fashion and culture
老于世故的人；精通时尚和文化的人
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he is still the butt of jokes made by New York sophisticates .他仍然是纽约那些老于世故的人的笑柄。
"late Middle English （as an adjective in the sense ‘adulterated', and as a verb in the sense ‘mix with a foreign substance’）： from medieval Latin