a punishment imposed for breaking a law, rule, or contract
(因违反法律、规定或合同而受到的)处罚;刑罚
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the charge carries a maximum penalty of ten years' imprisonment .该项指控的最高处罚是判以10年监禁。
a disadvantage or unpleasant experience suffered as the result of an action or circumstance
(行为、环境带来的)不利后果;劣势;苦难
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the cold never leaves my bones these days — one of the penalties of age .这些天我总是感到冷,这是年龄变大带来的一种恶果。
(in sports and games)a disadvantage or handicap imposed on a player or team, typically for infringement of rules
(尤指体育运动或比赛中对犯规选手或队的 )处罚。
a kick or shot awarded to a team because of an infringement of the rules by an opponent
(对犯规队的)罚球。
【桥牌】 (叫牌者未完成定约时的)罚分。
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under (或on )penalty of under the threat of 在…的威胁下he ordered enterprises to fulfil contracts under penalty of strict fines . 他以严厉罚款相威胁,命令企业履行合同
"early 16th cent.: probably via Anglo-Norman French, from medieval Latin