词典释义：
a call to someone to participate in a competitive situation, game, or fight to decide who is superior in terms of ability or strength
挑战
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he accepted the challenge .他接受了挑战。
a task or situation that tests someone's abilities
考验
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the traverse of the ridge is a challenge for experienced climbers .穿越这座山脊对经验丰富的登山者来说也是一种考验。
an attempt to win a contest or championship in a sport
（体育比赛的）求胜心。
an objection or query as to the truth of something, often with an implicit demand for proof
异议；质疑
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a challenge to the legality of the banning order .对禁令合法性的质疑。
a guard's call for a password or other proof of identity
（守卫验明身份的）口令盘问，暗号盘问。
【律】 （对陪审员资格或合适性提出的）反对。
[mass noun]
【医】 激发免疫反应，免疫系统与病原体（或抗原体）的接触
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recently vaccinated calves should be protected from challenge .刚接种疫苗的小牛需加保护，使其免疫系统不与病原体接触。
dispute the truth or validity of
对（事物）的真实性（或有效性）提出质疑
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It is possible to challenge the report's assumptions .对报告中的假设提出质疑是有可能的。
【律】 反对（陪审员）。
(of a guard)call on (someone) to prove their identity
（守卫为验明身份）向…盘问口令。
invite (someone) to engage in a contest
邀请… 参加比赛，发出挑战
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he challenged one of my men to a duel .他向我的一个随从发出挑战，要求决斗。
enter into competition with or opposition against
与…竞争；反对…
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organizations challenged the government in by-elections .各组织在补缺选举中与政府一争上下。
make a rival claim to or threaten someone's hold on (a position)
对（某人的地位）提出竞争；威胁（某人的地位）
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they were challenging his leadership .他们威胁着他的领导地位。
[with obj. and infinitive]invite (someone) to do or say something that one thinks will be difficult or impossible
故意为难（某人）
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I challenge the Minister to deny these accusations .我故意为难部长，要求他否认这些指控。
make demands on; prove testing to
对… 提出（更高）要求；考验…的能力
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a new way of life that would challenge them .将要考验他们能力的新生活方式。
【医】 使（免疫系统）与病原体（或抗原体）接触。
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the environmental challenge(s) 环境挑战
真题例句：
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a challenge to ... 对...的挑战
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the challenge(s) of ... ...的挑战
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meet a/the challenge(s) 遇到挑战；迎接挑战
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face (the) challenges 面对挑战
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take on challenges 接受挑战
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a big challenge 巨大的挑战
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accept one's challenge(s) 接受某人的挑战
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challenge sth 挑战某事物
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challenge oneself 挑战自我
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challenge sb to do sth 挑战某人做某事；邀请某人参赛做某事
真题例句：
"Middle English （in the senses ‘accusation' and ‘accuse’）： from Old French
