Problem is the start point of scientific research work, and subject selection is the first step of the whole scientific research procedures.

问题是科学研究的起点，选题是科学研究全过程的第一步。

Standard operating procedures: research procedures must be declared in writing so that reviewers can determine the standards which are being applied and so that users have a reference point;

标准操作程序：操作规程必须书面发布，以便审查者有一个判断的标准以及使用者有一个操作参考。