The children on trial were referred to as child X and child Y.

受审儿童被称为儿童X和儿童Y

The great civilizations of ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia and the area we refer to as the Fertile Crescent, of which a little part here about the size of Rhode Island is Canaan.

古埃及，美索不达米亚和我们称为新月沃土的地区的伟大文明，其中一小部分面积和罗德岛差不多就是迦南。

This is typical in cases I refer to as contextual tracing.

通常，我将这种情况称作上下文跟踪。

This is an example of what I refer to as an idiomatic pattern.

这就是我所说的惯用模式的实例。

One is what they refer to as the book’s “smorgasbord” approach.

其一是他们采用了“瑞典式自助餐”的方法。

The two impacts we refer to as the 'water footprint,'" he said.

这就是我们所说的‘水足迹’。