Collusive price leadership characterizes oligopolistic markets.

串通式价格领导具有寡占市场的特征。

The key of proving that price leadership is the concerted practice is the existence of collusion among the enterprises.

证明价格跟随行为构成协同行为的关键，是证明企业间合意的存在。

Cost-plus Loan Pricing, Price Leadership, and Customer Profitability Analysis are the three main methods of loan pricing in foreign banks.

国外银行贷款定价方法主要有成本相加法、价格领导法、客户盈利性分析法等三种模式。

But under the circumstances with incomplete information, price leadership may contribute to the coordination of prices among the enterprises and constitute the concerted practice.

但在信息不完全的情况下，寡占企业的价格跟随行为会导致企业间协调彼此的定价，从而可能构成协同行为。

Criticism is part of the price of leadership.

挨批评是当领导要付出的部分代价。