work extremely hard or incessantly
苦干,辛勤劳动
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we toiled away 我们劳碌不停
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[with infinitive]
Richard toiled to build his editorial team .理查德辛苦地组建他的编辑队伍。
[with adverbial of direction]move slowly and with difficulty
艰难地行走
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she began to toil up the cliff path .她开始艰难地顺着悬崖的路向上爬。
exhausting physical labour
苦工,累活
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a life of toil .辛劳的一生。
"Middle English (in the senses ‘contend verbally' and ‘strife’): from Anglo-Norman French