Metaphysics is the foundation of western philosophical spirit.

形而上学是西方哲学精神的根基。

Metaphysics refers to the study of existence and the nature of things.

形而上学是指研究存在和事物本质的学问。

Professor Spencer recommended this book on metaphysics to me.

史宾赛教授向我推荐了这本关于玄学的书。

Promote materialist dialectics and oppose metaphysics and scholasticism.

要提倡唯物辩证法，反对形而上学和烦琐哲学。

Suppose we accept all that metaphysics.

假设我们承认这些形而上学。

So relativism is also a kind of metaphysics.

因此，相对主义也是一种形而上学。

Additional terminology is always helpful for the learners of metaphysics.

另外，一些术语对于玄学的学习者来说也是有帮助的。

He claims that this is a hidden bias in the whole history of metaphysics.

他认为这是形而上学历史中隐藏的偏见。