Step 4: bacterial cell membrane break, nano-silver is released from the pathogen.

第四步：细菌细胞膜破裂，纳米银从病原体中释放出来。

Salt acts by the osmotic effect of extracting water from the bacterial cell fluid.

盐能杀死细菌是利用渗透作用将细胞中的水分吸掉。

Venter’s team uses a synthetic genome to boot up the world’s first man-made bacterial cell.

文特尔的研究小组使用了合成基因组激活了世界上第一个人造细菌细胞。

About 30 minutes after infection the bacterial cell lyses and the phage particles are released.

侵染后约30分钟，细菌细胞裂解，释放出噬菌体颗粒。

It is the phages' ability to channel through bacterial cell membranes that boosts antibiotic effectiveness.

这是因为噬菌体能够穿透细菌的细胞膜，从而增强抗生素的作用。