词典释义：
[with obj.]score or mark the surface of (something) with a sharp or pointed object
刮擦
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the car's paintwork was battered and scratched 汽车的油漆被刮擦得斑驳不堪
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[no obj.]
he scratched at a stain on his jacket .他刮擦着夹克衫上的污渍。
make a long, narrow superficial wound in the skin of
划伤皮肤
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her arms were scratched by the thorns 她的双臂被荆棘划伤了
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I scratched myself on the tree .我被树划伤了。
rub (a part of one's body) with one's fingernails to relieve itching
搔痒
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Jessica lifted her sunglasses and scratched her nose .杰西卡抬了抬太阳镜揉揉鼻子。
[with obj. and adverbial]make (a mark or hole) by scoring a surface with a sharp or pointed object
刺，戳，刻
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I found two names scratched on one of the windowpanes .我发现其中一面窗玻璃上刻着两个名字。
write (something) hurriedly or awkwardly
（匆忙或笨拙地）写
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pass me my writing things —I'll scratch a few letters before I get up .把我的纸和笔递过来— 我准备起床前赶写几封信。
[with obj. and adverbial]remove (something) from something else by pulling a sharp implement over it
刮去
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he scratched away the plaster .他刮去了石膏。
[no obj.]make a rasping or grating noise by scraping something over a hard surface
发出刮擦声
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the dog scratched to be let in 狗嚓嚓地扒门想进去
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[as noun
scratching ]there was a sound of scratching behind the wall .墙后面有刮擦声。
[no obj.][often as noun
（用刮擦技法）播放唱片（见后面名词义项１）。
[no obj.](of a bird or mammal, especially a chicken)rake the ground with the beak or claws in search of food
（鸟、哺乳动物，尤指鸡）用嘴（或爪子）扒地找食物。
[no obj.](
寻觅（难找的人或物）
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he's still scratching around for a woman to share his life .他还在四处寻找可以与其共同生活的女人。
accomplish (something) with great effort or difficulty
奋力完成
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Tabitha wondered how long the woman had been scratching a living on the waterways .塔比瑟不知道那个女人已经靠这条水道坚持生活多久了。
[no obj.](
艰难生活
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many architects now scratch along doing loft conversions .现在许多建筑师靠改建阁楼维持生计。
[with obj.]cancel or strike out (writing) with a pen or pencil
划掉
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the name of Dr McNab was scratched out and that of Dr Dunstaple substituted .麦克纳布博士的名字被划掉了，代替他的是登斯特布尔博士。
withdraw (a competitor) from a competition
取消（选手）参赛资格
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Jolie's Halo was scratched from a minor stakes race at Monmouth Park .若利的哈罗被取消了参加蒙茅斯公园少年下赌注马赛的资格。
[no obj.](of a competitor)withdraw from a competition
（选手）退出比赛
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due to a knee injury she was forced to scratch from the race .由于膝盖受伤，她不得不退出比赛。
cancel or abandon (an undertaking or project)
取消；放弃（任务，项目）
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banks seem prepared to scratch stabilization charges .银行似乎准备放弃稳值收费。
a mark or wound made by scratching
划伤，擦伤
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the scratches on her arm were throbbing 她手臂上的划伤阵阵抽痛
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[as modifier]
scratch marks on the window .窗上的划痕。
[in sing.]
〈非正式〉 轻伤
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it's nothing — just a scratch .没什么—一点擦伤。
[in sing.]an act or spell of scratching oneself to relieve itching
搔痒
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he gave his scalp a good scratch .他使劲地挠头皮。
a rasping or grating noise produced by something rubbing against a hard surface
划擦声
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the scratch of a match lighting a cigarette .划着火柴点烟。
[mass noun]a rough hiss, caused by the friction of the stylus in the groove, heard when a record is played
唱片的嚓嚓声（指唱片纹道与唱针的摩擦噪声）。
[mass noun]a technique, used especially in rap music, of stopping a record by hand and moving it back and forwards to give a rhythmic scratching effect
刮擦（多用于快板乐中，用手制止唱片转动，使其来回移动发出有节奏的嚓嚓声的技巧）。
[mass noun]the starting point in a handicap for a competitor receiving no odds
让步赛中没有取得让步条件的运动员（参赛者）的起始点。[ORIGIN : originally denoting a boundary or starting line for sports competitors.]
【高 尔夫】 零让步（表明选手不弱，能在场上达到规定击球的次数）。
[mass noun]
〈非正式〉 钱
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he was working to get some scratch together .他正在干活攒钱。
assembled or made from whatever is available, and so unlikely to be of the highest quality
仓促拼凑的；匆匆组成的
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City were fielding a scratch squad .城市队派遣上场的是一支临时凑合的球队。
(of a sports competitor or event)with no handicap given
（选手，赛事）没有让步优待的。
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from scratch from the very beginning, especially without utilizing or relying on any previous work for assistance 从零开始，从头做起；白手起家he built his own computer company from scratch ． 他白手起家，建起了自己的电脑公司 -
scratch a — and find a — used to suggest that an investigation of someone or something soon reveals their true nature ［指 揭露某人或某事真面目的调查］ 除去… 的假象你将发现… 的本质they believe that if you scratch a homophobe ,you'll probably find a racist ． 他们确信如果你剥去一个厌恶同性恋者的外衣，一个种族主义者的真面目就会暴露无遗 -
scratch one's head informal think hard in order to find a solution to something〈非正式〉 冥思苦想问题的解答 -
feel or express bewilderment 感到（或表示）困惑
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scratch the surface 1 deal with a matter only in the most superficial way 浅尝；触及表面research has only scratched the surface of the paranormal ． 研究仅涉及超正常范围的表面 -
2 initiate the briefest investigation to discover something concealed 进行简短调查they have a boring image but scratch the surface and it's fascinating ． 它们有种令人生厌的形象，可是一旦调查起来，却很令人着迷 -
up to scratch up to the required standard; satisfactory 达到标准的；令人满意的her German was not up to scratch ． 她的德语还不行 -
you scratch my back and I'll scratch yours proverb if you do me a favour， I'll return it 〈谚〉 你帮我，我帮你；投我以桃，报之以李
"late Middle English：probably a blend of the synonymous dialect words
