A few years ago, a well-known research immunologist injected himself with hookworms and reduced his allergic symptoms (shudder).

很多年前，一位知名的免疫学家就曾给自己注射钩虫，来减轻自己的过敏症状。

Long dismissed as "cannon fodder," as one immunologist puts it, the white blood cells known as basophils have been enjoying a Renaissance.

嗜碱性细胞长久以来被当作炮灰而遭到忽略，而如今，如同一名免疫学家所讲，迎来了它的复兴。

When Daniel Douek, an NIH immunologist suggested to members of the study team that endotoxins might be a key reason why, some were skeptical.

当国立卫生研究院的免疫学家Daniel Douek，向研究小组的成员建议内毒素可能是一个关键原因，但一些人持怀疑态度。

Twenty years ago, people would have laughed at the suggestion that gut microbes could influence brain function, says immunologist Sven Pettersson of the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm.

来自Stockholm斯德哥尔摩的Karolinska卡卢林学院的免疫学家斯温Sven Pettersson说，二十年前，对于肠道微生物可以影响大脑活动这样的建议，人们可能会觉得这是个笑话。

"Haemagglutinin's a decoy," says Wayne Marasco, an immunologist at Harvard Medical School in Boston. "Those globular heads can undergo many mutations without the virus suffering any ill effects."

“血凝素是一个诱饵”，波士顿哈佛医学院的免疫学家韦恩·马拉斯科说，“这些球状头部可以有很多变异还不对病毒产生不好的影响。”