Even the planet's outer skin, or lithosphere, has been transformed.

甚至于地球的表层——岩石圈——也已经被改变了。

The tectonic stress the Earth are mainly on the upper lithosphere.

地球内部构造应力主要集中于岩石圈上层。

Scientists call this layer of crust and upper mantle the lithosphere.

科学家称这层地壳和上部地幔为岩石圈。

The hydrosphere and the lithosphere together form the Earth's surface.

水圈与岩石圈一起形成地球的表面。

These dissolved materials thus pass from the lithosphere to the hydrosphere.

因此，这些溶解了的物质就从岩石圈转移到水圈。