词典释义：
[mass noun]wheat or any other cultivated cereal used as food
（作为食物的）小麦（或其他谷类）。
the seeds of such cereals
谷物
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[as modifier]
grain exports .谷物出口。
a single fruit or seed of a cereal
谷粒
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a few grains of corn .几粒玉米。
a small hard particle of a substance such as salt or sand
小而硬的颗粒（如盐粒或沙粒）
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a grain of salt .一粒盐。
the smallest possible quantity or amount of a quality
最小的数量；最少的质量
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there wasn't a grain of truth in what he said .他说的话没有一丁点是真的。
a discrete particle or crystal in a metal, igneous rock, etc., typically visible only when a surface is magnified
（尤指只有表面被放大才能看得见的）（金属、火成岩等的）微粒；晶粒。
a piece of solid propellant for use in a rocket engine
（用于火箭发动机的）固体推进剂。
（缩略词
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gr .)the smallest unit of weight in the troy and avoirdupois systems, equal to 1 /5760 of a pound troy and 1 /7000 of a pound avoirdupois (approximately 0.0648 grams)格令（金衡制和常衡制中最小的重量单位，等于金衡镑的1 ／5760 和常衡磅的1 ／7000 即约等于0. 0648 克）。[ORIGIN: because originally the weight was equivalent to that of a grain of corn.]
[mass noun]the longitudinal arrangement or pattern of fibres in wood, paper, etc.
（木头、纸张等的）纹路；纹理
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he scored along the grain of the table with the knife .他用刀在桌上顺着木头的纹路刻着。
roughness in texture of wood, stone, etc.; the arrangement and size of constituent particles
（木头、石头等）纹理的粗糙程度；组成粒子的排列和大小
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the lighter, finer grain of the wood is attractive .木头上细密、颜色浅的纹路很好看。
the rough or wrinkled outer surface of leather, or of a similar artificial material
（皮革或其他类似人工材料的）粗糙面；皱面。
【矿】 （石头和煤等原料的）解理面；劈理面。
【摄】 颗粒（出现在照片或底片上，与组成其的乳胶粒的大小成比例）。
〈古〉 （人的）性格；天性。
[mass noun]
〈史〉 胭脂虫；胭脂虫红。[ORIGIN: the kermes was thought to consist of grains.]
(一般作
使表面（或纹理）粗糙
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her fingers were grained with chalk dust .她的手指因为粉笔灰变得粗糙起来。
[no obj.]form into grains
成粒状
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if the sugar does grain up, add more water. 糖如果结成粒状，就再加点水。
[usu. as noun
（尤指将家具或内表面）漆成木纹（或大理石纹）
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the art of graining and marbling .漆木纹和漆大理石纹的艺术。
remove hair from (a hide)
将（生皮）去毛
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[as adj.
grained ]the boots were of best grained leather .这些靴子是用去毛去得最好的皮制成的。
〈北美〉 用谷物喂（马）。
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against the grain contrary to the natural inclination or feeling of someone or something 格格不入，违反意愿
"Middle English （originally in the sense‘seed, grain of corn’）： from Old French
